Infrastructure Overview

Traffic flow

flowchart LR
    DNS["lomavuokraus.fi\nstaging.lomavuokraus.fi\napi.lomavuokraus.fi"] --> Traefik["Traefik ingress\n(class: traefik)"]
    User["User browser"] -->|"HTTPS"| Traefik
    CertMgr["cert-manager\nletsencrypt prod/staging"] -->|"TLS"| Traefik
    subgraph Cluster["k3s hel1 cx22 (157.180.66.64)"]
        Traefik --> Service["Service :80 -> 8080"]
        Service --> Varnish["Varnish cache\n(static + /api/images/*)"]
        Varnish --> Pod["Next.js pods (2)\n(port 3000)"]
        Pod --> DB["PostgreSQL 46.62.203.202"]
        Pod --> SMTP["smtp.lomavuokraus.fi"]
        Secret["Secret: lomavuokraus-web-secrets"]
        CM["ConfigMap: lomavuokraus-web-config"]
    end
    Registry["registry.halla-aho.net/thalla/lomavuokraus-web"] -->|"pull"| Pod
          

Hetzner nodes

flowchart TB
    Users["Users"] -->|"HTTPS"| K3s["Node A: k3s (hel1 cx22)\nTraefik + cert-manager"]
    subgraph HetznerCloud["Hetzner Cloud"]
        K3s
        DB["Node B: Postgres VM\n46.62.203.202"]
    end

    subgraph Prod["Prod namespace"]
        Prod1["Next.js pod #1 (prod)"]
        Prod2["Next.js pod #2 (prod)"]
    end

    subgraph Staging["Staging namespace"]
        Stg1["Next.js pod #1 (staging)"]
        Stg2["Next.js pod #2 (staging)"]
    end

    K3s --> Prod1
    K3s --> Stg1
    Prod1 --> DB
    Prod2 --> DB
    Stg1 --> DB
    Stg2 --> DB
          

Cluster & Namespaces

• Single-node k3s (Hetzner hel1 cx22) at 157.180.66.64.
• Namespaces: lomavuokraus-prod, lomavuokraus-staging.
• Ingress controller: Traefik (k3s default).
• cert-manager v1.15.3 with ClusterIssuers:
  • letsencrypt-prod (ACME prod)
  • letsencrypt-staging (ACME staging for test certs)
• Service points to a Varnish sidecar (port 8080) in each pod before the Next.js container (3000) to cache /api/images/* and static assets.
• Cache policy: images cached 24h with Cache-Control: public, max-age=86400, immutable; _next/static cached 7d; non-GET traffic and health checks bypass cache.
• DNS: lomavuokraus.fi, staging.lomavuokraus.fi, api.lomavuokraus.fi -> cluster IP.

Registry

• Private registry: registry.halla-aho.net/thalla/lomavuokraus-web.
• Credentials stored outside repo (creds/), image pull secret registry-halla in staging/prod namespaces.
• Images tagged with git SHA-derived numeric tag and :latest.

App Manifests

• k8s/app.yaml templated via envsubst in deploy scripts.
• Objects:
  • ConfigMap: lomavuokraus-web-config (public env).
  • Deployment: 2 replicas, Varnish sidecar on port 8080 in front of the Next.js container (3000), liveness/readiness on /api/health via Varnish.
  • Service: ClusterIP on port 80 targeting the Varnish container.
  • Ingress: Traefik class, TLS via cert-manager, HTTPS redirect middleware.
  • Traefik Middleware: https-redirect to force HTTPS.
• Secrets: lomavuokraus-web-secrets in cluster (not in repo).

Runtime Environment

• Next.js 14.2.33 (App Router) running via Node.js 20 in Docker.
• PostgreSQL DB at 46.62.203.202 (DATABASE_URL in .env, not committed).
• SMTP: smtp.lomavuokraus.fi (CNAME to smtp.sohva.org), DKIM key under creds/dkim/....
• Session auth: signed JWT cookie session_token; roles: USER, ADMIN, USER_MODERATOR, LISTING_MODERATOR.